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2.9 Gupta Rulers
Srigupta I (270-290 AD) who was perhaps a petty ruler of Magadha (modern Bihar) established Gupta dynasty with Patliputra or Patna as its capital. He and his son Ghatotkacha (290-305 AD) have left very little evidences of their rule and did not issue any coins of their own (although there have been reports of coins of Shrigupta which need more thorough studies). Ghatotkacha was succeeded by his son Chandragupta I (305-325 AD) who strengthened his kingdom by matrimonial alliance with the powerful family of Lichchavis (Nisbis) who were rulers of Mithila. His marriage to Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi, brought an enormous power, resources and prestige. He took advantage of the situation and occupied whole of fertile Gangetic valley. Chandragupta I eventually assumed the title of Maharajadhiraja (emperor) in formal coronation, thereby establishing the Gupta Dynasty and Gupta Era. Their rule lasted up to 6th century.
Map 2.7 Map shows the sway of Guptas under Chandragupta-2 (Early 5th century)
2. 10 Guptas’ Origin
Though their origin or varna is not certain, they were, most probabaly, Aabhirs or Ahirs or Yadavas by origin. Shri Gupta rose to power suddenly after the fall of Satvahanas (236 AD). This shows that they were installed to the throne of Patna by Kshaptrapas.
The word Gupta is derived from “Goptri" meaning "military governor" as in the inscription of Skandagupta, It was not a surname or clan name but a title. It clearly shows that after defeating the Satvahanas, Guptas were placed as Feudatories by Sakas (Kshatrapas). The most common gold coins of the Guptas appear to be the direct descendants of the gold coins of the Sakas. The standing pose of the Gupta kings at the altar is almost identical to that of the Kshatrapa kings, as is their dress - long coats and trousers (uchkin, salwar/kameez).
2.11 End of Gupta Rule
Chndragupta-2 was the most promiment name among all Gupta rulers he displaced the Sakas or Kshatrapas and took the title of “Vikramaditya” in around 405 AD.
SkandaGupta Repelled the first huna attack under Chu-Han in 454-455 AD. The Guptas were vanished by Second Huna attack under Tourman Akhsunwar in 467 AD.